The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap). As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. Disclaimer. Guilford. This situation clearly showed the students' helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. Random House. J Ment Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. SAGE. Findings on the effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategies versus emotion-focused coping strategies suggest the effectiveness of the particular strategy is contingent on the context, with controllable issues being better addressed through problem-focused strategies, while emotion-focused strategies are more effective with circumstances that cannot be controlled (Finkelstein-Fox & Park, 2019). Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. A positive approach to management education: The relationship between academic PsyCap and student engagement. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. or funding contributions for the development (2008). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Conversely, when individuals employed problematic coping strategies such as behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997), the negative impacts were much stronger than the positive effect of adaptive coping strategies. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Establish a routine. View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles to optimal levels (Madhyastha et al., 2014). Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. 44106, 10900 Euclid Ave. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. To combat isolation, come together with your dorm-mates or graduate school cohort via technology. Mediation models were carried out with bootstrapping procedure with a 95% confidence interval. Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Changes in the PERMA Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in Objectives: To explore and describe the coping strategies used by student nurses during COVID-19. Students use of religious coping, Fig 7. Whether youre a graduate student or an undergrad, youre probably feeling anxious, sad and uncertain. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). Aim of the Study and Research Questions You dont have to fix their problems. (F. Luthans et al., 2015, p. 2). Using a sample of professional traders, we find a significant decrease in agreeableness and locus of control and a moderate decrease in grit. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Predicting the mental health of college students with psychological capital. This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.609844, Luthans, F., Avey, J. The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. Each item is rated on an 11-point scale ranging from never (0) to always (10), or not at all (0) to completely (10). Cluster analysis for strategies of coping with stress. Demographic Questionnaire WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. 2011;81: 101107: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x Cohen, J. Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. Field, A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. Routledge Academic. An official website of the United States government. Mediator coping strategies. This study aims to describe the perception of midwifery students about the use of LMS in English learning activities. Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. Thus, in general, internal consistency reliability coefficients tend to be relatively smaller ( = .5 to .9). PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success. The authors reported no conflict of interest Counselors could help university students benefit from attending to, appreciating, and attaining lifes positives (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and from enhancing the strength and frequency of employing positive coping strategies through targeted psychoeducational or counseling interventions. Your classmates and family members are anxious, too. Flatt, A. K. (2013). In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). FOIA Northwestern University. Disengagement coping includes responses such as avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking, as well as aspects of emotion-focused coping, because it involves an attempt to escape feelings of distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010; de la Fuente et al., 2020). The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged 18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. Point-biserial correlation Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. The overall reliability coefficient of well-being items is very high ( = .94). Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. These patterns are primarily driven by those with more negative experiences of the pandemic. Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader positivity on follower positivity and performance. College Quarterly, 16(1). (2014). Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). Recognize that the current circumstances are hard for everyone. Penguin Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). In this study, we explored these questions with a sample of graduate and National Library of Medicine Further, the present findings highlight the importance of examining the relationships between each element of well-being and with each HERO dimension. Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. That is, what coping https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. College Student Journal, 42(3), 795-806. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. COVID-19 and school closures impacted many children and adolescents' mental health and well-being. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). School child wearing face mask during corona virus and flu outbreak. Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. Internalizing and Externalizing Disorder Levels among Adolescents: Data from Poland. Teaching university students active coping strategies, such as positive reframing and how to access emotional support, could help them cope with adverse situations. The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. If so, please share them using this form. I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). Karen. Cleveland, Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. WebWe study the stability of noncognitive skills by comparing experimental results gathered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. An invitation to participate, which included a link to an informed consent form and the survey, was distributed to all university students at two large U.S. public institutions in the Midwest and the South via campus-wide electronic mailing lists. Published 2022. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, (2012). (2010). 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. Prior to COVID-19, self-efficacy and optimism were the two major psychological resources that predicted university student well-being. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Although mental health distress has been an issue on college campuses prior to the pandemic (Flatt, 2013; Lipson et al., 2019), COVID-19 has and will continue to magnify this phenomenon. Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. Fourteen conceptually differentiable coping strategies are measured by the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997): active coping, planning, using emotional support, using instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, acceptance, denial, self-blame, humor, religion, self-distraction, substance use, and behavioral disengagement. Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. 2015;173: 9096. Additionally, each pillar of PERMA has been shown to be positively associated with physical health, optimal well-being, and life satisfaction and negatively correlated with depression, fatigue, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and negative emotion (Butler & Kern, 2016). Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Cut through misinformation by relying on reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. Now is my chance to help others. Given the current realities of physical distancing, there are fewer opportunities for traditional-age university students attending primarily residential campuses to maintain social connections, resulting in social fragmentation and isolation. Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. Helpful strategies of coping Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! All rights reserved. These are potential areas of practice for college counselors and counselors serving university students. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). Find new ways to celebrate. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. WebCOVID-19 Coping Strategies. 10.3390/ijerph18010355 Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. 2021. Fig 1. The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. (2013). Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 191199. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. Structural equation modeling in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS, v23) software was used to test the mediating role of coping strategies on the relationship between PsyCap and change in PERMA scores. Christine Suniti Bhat, PhD, LPC, LSC (OH), is a professor and the interim director of the George E. Hill Center for Counseling & Research at Ohio University. Fig 2. Other coping strategies, such as denial, self-blame, distraction, and substance use, are more often associated with negative emotions, such as shame, guilt, lower perception of self-efficacy, and psychological distress, rather than making efforts to remediate them (Billings & Moos, 1984). In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467487. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Jardin, C., Mayorga, N. A., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Sharp, C., Cardoso, J. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Two significant challenges to counseling professionals on college campuses are the lack of resources to adequately respond to mental health concerns among students and the stigma associated with accessing services (R. P. Gallagher, 2014; Michaels et al., 2015). Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Nursing education has moved classes online. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. (2015). Worry and stress fuel record drop in U.S. life satisfaction. Strategies and programming to develop wellness can be delivered in one-on-one sessions with students, as well as in group settings, and may have either a prevention or intervention focus. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach.
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