New Phytol. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ern316. glycinea induce ethylene-mediated suicidal germination in Striga sp. Although analytical chemistry methods have failed to detect strigolactones in parasitic plants (Liu et al., 2014), transcriptome sequencing reveals that all known strigolactone genes, both synthesis and perception are present in broomrapes with apparently full-length proteins (Pron et al., 2012; Das et al., 2015). Biotic inducers of systemic resistance have also proved being successful against broomrape parasitism under experimental conditions. Although the effect of jasmonic-acid-dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) against parasitic plants is less clear (Kusumoto et al., 2007; Hiraoka et al., 2009; Yoder and Scholes, 2010), strains of Pseudomonas sp. Potential of ethylene-producing pseudomonads in combination with effective N2-fixing bradyrhizobial strains as supplements to legume rotation for Striga hermonthica control. 29, 391393. Broomrape seed has been documented to last in the soil for at least 35 years.. Peagol and peagoldione, two new strigolactone like metabolites isolated from pea root exudates. Sci. Biology and management of weedy root parasites. Eizenberg, H., Aly, R., and Cohen, Y. Broomrapes produce little or no chlorophyll; instead, they draw nourishment from the roots of other plants by means of small suckers called haustoria. Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal core parasitism genes and suggest gene duplication and repurposing as sources of structural novelty. 65, 560565. (2013). Paris: Dterville. Lpez-Granados, F., and Garca-Torres, L. (1999). In those cases, broomrape displays a pathogenic nature promoting disease in the crop mainly through negative effects on the crop photosynthetic machinery and hormonal balance (Stewart and Press, 1990; Mauromicale et al., 2008). Possible involvement of gibberellins and ethylene in Orobanche ramosa germination. Its high cost per surface unit makes this method not readily applicable at large scale (Joel, 2000). 122, 275281. 45, 467476. Like most seeds, broomrape seeds are resistant to rapid microbial degradation due to phenols located in its testa (Cezard, 1973). The effects of superphosphate application, 2,4-DB and grazing on broomrape (Orobanche minor Sm.) Mayer, A. M., and Bar-Nun, N. (1997). Rich, P. J., Grenier, C., and Ejeta, G. (2004). Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) response to silicon nutrition in tomato (Solanum . Plant Dis. Transfer of organic substances from the host plant Vicia faba to the parasite Orobanche crenata Forsk. Phytoparasitica 32, 2129. Ryecyanatines A and B and ryecarbonitrilines A and B, substituted cyanatophenol, cyanato-benzo[1,3] diole, and benzo[1,3]dioxolecarbonitriles from rye (Secale cereale L.) root exudates: new metabolites with allelophatic activity on Orobanche seed germination and radicle growth. Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp. Z. Planzenphysiol. Sources of natural resistance based on reduced release of haustorium-inducing factors is a doubly interesting strategy to inhibit broomrape parasitism because not only it prevents broomrape parasitism in the current crop, but also it promotes the demise of the seed bank by promoting suicidal germination. 2022 Feb 5;11(3):438. doi: 10.3390/plants11030438. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Eur. Biocontrol Sci. Food Chem. Before (2014). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00477.x, Southwood, O. R. (1971). doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.009, Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Prez-de-Luque, A., Prats, E., and Rubiales, D. (2008c). (A) Fructification and dehiscence of capsules containing mature seeds; (B) microscopic view of a seed (size ranging 0.2-2 mm) that undergoes sucessive dispersal, primary dormancy and annual release of secondary dormancy; (C) broomrape embryo does not develop morphologycaly identified cotyledons or shoot meristem and . A., and Rubiales, D. (2008b). Plant Pathol. Because parasitic weeds require host encoded molecules to stimulate the initiation of parasitism both at the level of seed germination and haustorium initiation, breeding for low-inducers genotypes of those processes are obvious targets for resistance (Yoder and Scholes, 2010). doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.06.038, Mauromicale, G., Lo Monaco, A., and Longo, M. G. A. based on a life cycle model. Increasing control reliability of Orobanche cumana through integration of a biocontrol agent with a resistance-inducing chemical. In this study, the temperature-dependent relationship was developed into a predictive model based on growing degree-days (GDD) for small broomrape parasitism in red clover. 9, 58. Ghersa, C. M., and Martinez-Ghersa, M. A. by . doi: 10.1614/P2002-151, Rubiales, D., Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Prez-de-Luque, A., Castillejo, M. A., Prats, E., Sillero, J., et al. J. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0023, Singh, A., and Singh, M. (1993). Nitrate is not toxic to broomrape as it lacks the ability to convert nitrate into ammonium (van Hezewijk and Verkleij, 1996). Syst. Haustorial connection of broomrape with the root of a weed host In south Texas, broomrape seed germination occurs from December to February. In addition, the parasitic-specific receptor KAI2d that enables host detection in broomrapes has recently been identified. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1140, Dadon, T., Nun, N. B., and Mayer, A. M. (2004). Pectolytic activity by the haustorium of the parasitic plant Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) in host roots. How broomrapes make the distinction not only between host-derived and their own-encoded strigolactones but also how they sense diversified strigolactone profiles in root exudates across species correlated with host ranges. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide has been proved one of the most effective methods to eradicate broomrape seed bank, but this chemical has been banned from use due to its toxic effects on the environment (Joel, 2000; Hershenhorn et al., 2009). The Broomrape family comprises more than 2000 species of annual and perennial herbs or shrubs, nearly all of which are parasitic on the roots of other plants. 81, 319326. a close related parasitic weed genus, but these hormones are ineffective in promoting germination of broomrape weeds (Lieberman, 1979; Logan and Stewart, 1995; Berner et al., 1999; Joel, 2000; Toh et al., 2012). It remains unknown whether host factors are required by broomrape radicle to initiate haustorium and consequently this strategy has not been fully explored. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.30.060179.002533. cybill shepherd and christine baranski relationship; population of western australia 2021; duaa karim net worth (863) 213-1356; timeshare lawyers florida; Select Page. PMC 48, 163168. (2007). These connections are probably developed from simultaneous differentiation of adjacent host and parasite cells to xylem elements (Drr, 1997). This prevents broomrape parasitism from taking place, maintaining the seed bank dormant and reducing the rate of seed bank replenishing. Phylogeny of the parasitic plant family Orobanchaceae inferred from phytochrome A. The dynamics of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) parasitism by Orobanche foetida. B., Pron, T., Gauthier, M., Montiel, G., Veronesi, C., et al. doi: 10.1002/ps.1742, Vurro, M., Boari, A., Pilgeram, A. L., and Sands, D. C. (2006). Biochem. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.014, Gressel, J. Control 28, 110. Germination of Orobanche seeds: some aspects of metabolism during preconditioning, in Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology, eds R. H. Ellis, M. Black, A. J. Murdoch, and T. D. S. Hing (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers), 633639. Management of Infection by Parasitic Weeds: A Review. July 4, 2022 July 4, 2022. Mitochondrial DNA suggests at least 11 origins of parasitism in angiosperms and reveals genomic chimerism in parasitic plants. Figure 2. A. S. Lpez, E. I. Martnez, T. R. Blas, M. C. Lpez, and J. P. Sestelo (A Corua: Dario Prada-Rodrguez of University of A Corua), 688. doi: 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00179.x, Parker, C. (2009). Chem. Tolerant varieties are able to endure infection with minor losses on productivity. Bot. Mller-Stver, D., Buschmann, H., and Sauerborn, J. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcr176. Plant Microbe Interact. Annu. This lead us to build the list of the major feasible components that a model designed to quantify the effects of cropping systems on pest dynamics should include for specific broomrape control. 4, 25702575. FOIA Manage. Isr. Plant 43, 304317. Adv. For instance, tori (Brassica campestris var. hellofresh stock concentrate packets. Botany 88, 839849. doi: 10.1038/374220a0, Joel, D. M., and Losner-Goshen, D. (1994). (2002). Z., Huang, K., Wickett, N. J., Alford, S., et al. Plant Growth Regul. (2007c). J. Pest Manag. J. Linn. This treatment in the lab mimics the soil conditions in climatically suitable regions for broomrape such as Mediterranean non-irrigated agrosystems where the onset of warm and wet season coincides with the growth of juvenile stages of many annual crops (Lpez-Granados and Garca-Torres, 1996; Grenz and Sauerborn, 2007). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The root-parasitic broomrape species cause severe damage to eld and vegetable crops worldwide. EM 8884-E Reprinted August 2008 important rotational crop in grass seed production systems. Effect of N-application on sorghum growth, Striga infestation and the osmotic presure of the parasite in relation to the host. Field Crops Res. 65, 553559. Structure and function of natural and synthetic signaling molecules in parasitic weed germination. Many beneficial organisms are either able to survive the solarization treatment or able to recolonize solarized soil (Sauerborn et al., 1989; Mauromicale et al., 2001). Sci. Plant Microbe Interact. Agron. Plant Sci. They are quite noticeable in the desert, as males like to perch at the very top of mesquite trees (like the one above). Takeuchi, Y., Omigawa, Y., Ogasawara, M., Yoneyama, K., Konnai, M., and Worsham, A. D. (1995). Plant Sci. Therefore, it may be possible to achieve broomrape control by fooling the parasite with the delivering to the soil of synthetic analogs of the original host-derived germination-inducing factors such as strigolactones (Johnson et al., 1976). Nat. broomrape, (genus Orobanche), genus of about 150 species of parasitic annual or perennial herbs (family Orobanchaceae). Control 2 291296. Broomrape seed has been documented to last in the soil for at . Agroecology 3, 174. Mol. Mechanisms limiting the geographical range of the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata. (2010). Gain of host sensitivity in broomrape seeds at the end of the conditioning phase is mediated by demethylation of PrCYP707A1 promoter. Fig. Technol. Special interest arises from those metabolites with a favorable pattern of broomrape-specific effect (e.g., tenuazonic acid) and no described side-effect to other biosystems (Vurro et al., 2009). doi: 10.1021/jf504609w, Cimmino, A., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., Avolio, F., Andolfi, A., Rubiales, D., Yoneyama, K., et al. J. Use of ethylene producing bacteria for stimulating of Striga spp. However, exogenous application of GA alone is not sufficient to promote broomrape germination (Takeuchi et al., 1995; Chae et al., 2004) and strigolactone-mediated ABA catabolism in conditioned seeds is required to trigger germination (Lechat et al., 2012). Keyes, W. J., OMalley, R. C., Kim, D., and Lynn, D. G. (2000). 69, 463472. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Bioinspired chitinous material solutions for environmental sustainability and medicine. doi: 10.1007/s00425-011-1568-8, Yoneyama, K., Xie, X., Kusumoto, D., Sekimoto, H., Sugimoto, Y., Takeuchi, Y., et al. (2012). 49 239248. Careful selection of the non-host component in the intercrop is, however, required as some plant species can act as non-host facilitators and therefore increase the severity of broomrape infection in the host component (Gibot-Leclerc et al., 2013). 3rd class relic of the true cross. (2009). 44, 284289. Promotion of suicidal germination is the technique used to induce broomrape germination with synthetic molecules in the absence of a host to which broomrape can attach, a technique lethal for the parasite as the broomrape seedling is unable to acquire autotrophy. Bot. Broomrapes produce little or no chlorophyll; instead, they draw nourishment from the roots of other plants by means of small suckers called haustoria. The first step of conditioning promotes in the parasitic seed receptors the required sensitivity for the second step of host detection (Musselman, 1980; Kebreab and Murdoch, 1999; Lechat et al., 2012, 2015; Murdoch and Kebreab, 2013). Adv. Transgenic crops against parasites. 19, 211236. The chemical characteristics of the barriers of resistance to broomrape penetration have been extensively studied in Fabaceae crops (Prez-de-Luque et al., 2009) and are reviewed in this article in Section Resistant Crops to Broomrape Invasion.. 20, 8184. New Phytol. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.10.004 The harvest of infested fields or blocks, because of the biology of this weed and its standing as a California Department of Food and Agriculture Class A status, is extremely ill-advised., (Article by Bob Johnson, Sacramento reporter. Resistance of red clover (Trifolium pratense) to the root parasitic plant Orobanche minor is activated by salicylate but not by jasmonate. Hanson is part of a team of UC researchers enlisted by the processing tomato sector to work on a plan to contain the damage caused by branched broomrape, should it become established enough that the California Department of Food and Agriculture zero-tolerance quarantine strategy is replaced by management programs. Reviewed in Joel et al. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00241.x, Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Emeran, A. Its not a huge problem, but its not a small one either, and I think its under-reported because it requires crop destruct. Rev. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Control 36, 258265. The apical cells in the radicle apex develop into intrusive cells, which successively invade host root cortex, endodermis, and the central cylinder. Successful broomrape control should target the underground broomrapes at their earlier life stages, prior attachment or as soon as it attach to the host, because of their highest vulnerability at those stages and the avoidance of yield loss in the current crop. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00742.x, Rubiales, D., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., and Rodriguez, M. J. Broomrapes counteract the high risk of failure in establishment on a host with highly evolved mechanisms of survival. Matvienko, M., Wojtowicz, A., Wrobel, R., Jamison, D., Goldwasser, Y., and Yoder, J. I. (2006) applied L-methionine in pots to tomato roots the number of broomrape seedlings that successfully developed parasitism was highly reduced. Several toxins have been identified with inhibitory activity on broomrape parasitism by interfering with broomrape germination and radicle elongation (Vurro et al., 2009; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2013; Cimmino et al., 2014). Ann. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. The presence of strigolactone biosynthetic system in broomrapes raises the question on how the parasite performs diversified stimulant recognition in order to set the timing of germination. Weed Res. Accumulation of ammonium can be toxic to plants and its detoxification occurs via incorporation into organic compounds. 42, 464469. If this works, it will be easy to implement through the fertilizer system.. A quantitative model for loss of primary dormancy and induction of secondary dormancy in imbibed seeds of Orobanche spp. (2010). Pest Manag. (2015). SA promotes resistance to broomrape. A., and Garca-Garrido, J. M. (2009c). toria as a catch crop on Orobanche aegyptiaca seed bank. Mol. Manschadi, A. M., Kroschel, J., and Sauerborn, J. Breeding for broomrape resistance stands out as the most economic, easy to adopt and environmentally friendly practice. Plant Cell Environ. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2003.09.013, Labrousse, P., Arnaud, M. C., Seryes, H., Berville, A., and Thalouarn, P. (2001). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1996.tb01807.x, Atsatt, P. R. (1977). Mohamed, K. I., Papes, M., Williams, R., Benz, B. W., and Peterson, A. T. (2006). 38, 343349. The effect of nitrogenous compounds on in vitro germination of Orobanche crenata Forsk. The taxonomy of the group is somewhat contentious, and the American species of broomrape are sometimes placed in the genus Aphyllon. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01307.x, Mabrouk, Y., Simier, P., Delavault, P., Delgrange, S., Sifi, B., Zourgui, L., et al. doi: 10.1007/s00299-005-0052-y, Amsellem, Z., Zidack, N. K., Quimby, Jr P. C, and Gressel, J. Red clover plants were grown in soil articially infested with small broomrape seed in temperature-con-trolled growth . Azospirillum brasilense is reported to inhibit broomrape radicle growth (Dadon et al., 2004). We reviewed relevant facts about the biology and physiology of broomrape weeds and the major feasible control strategies. J. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00702.x. And even that may not be enough to prevent a resurgence of branched broomrape, which causes crop losses in processing tomatoes of up to 70 percent and even 80 percent. Phytochemistry 41, 403406. Transformation of carrots with mutant acetolactate synthase for Orobanche (broomrape) control. This seems to indicate contribution of amino acid synthesis in broomrape mediated by broomrape-encoded enzymes although their identification and characterization remain unknown (Gressel, 2009; Eizenberg et al., 2012). 1, 139146. Long term dry preservation of active mycelia of two mycoherbicidal organisms. (1992). Annu. (2012). doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114453, Yang, Z., Wafula, E. K., Honaas, L. A., Zhang, H., Das, M., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., et al. Abu-Irmaileh B. E. (1994). Plant Prot. Plant Physiol. J. Agric. Effect of small broomrape (Orobanche minor) on red clover growth and dry matter partitioning. 28 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Specialized Mechanisms in Broomrape Weeds for a Parasitic Mode of Life, Control Strategies Targeting Underground Broomrape Stages, http://www.terresinovia.fr/orobanche/carte.php, www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPP/IPM/Weeds/Issues/orobanche.htm, www.epa.gov/opprd001/inerts_list4Bname.pdf, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Regarding carbon assimilation broomrape takes it from the host phloem mainly in the form of sucrose (Aber et al., 1983; Hibberd et al., 1999). Would you like email updates of new search results? and other fungi as biological control agents of broomrape (Orobanche ramosa). J. Mol. Sieve elements of both organisms are already interconnected by interspecific sieve pores at early stages of parasitism. Germinating seeds of the root parasite Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb01641.x, Gomez-Roldan, V., Fermas, S., Brewer, P. B., Puech-Pages, V., Dun, E. A., Pillot, J. P., et al. A Comprehensive Approach to Evaluate Durum Wheat-Faba Bean Mixed Crop Performance. (2012). 10, 107114. Ann. Plant J. doi: 10.1002/ps.993, Tank, D. C., Beardsley, P. M., Kelchner, S. A., and Olmstead, R. G. (2006). Besides the effects of fertilization management on pre-attached broomrape stages described in previous sections, high soil fertility can induce crops to endure broomrape parasitism by helping the host to maintain a favorable osmotic potential that reduces the parasitic sink strength (Gworgwor and Weber, 1991). The economic importance of the phytoparasites Orobanche and Striga, in Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Parasitic Weeds, Nairobi, eds J. K. Ransom, L. J. Musselman, A. D. Worsham, and C. Parker (Nairobi: CIMMYT), 137143. Multiple KAI2d genes across broomrape species genomes may allow diversified recognition of root exudates corresponding with suitable hosts (Conn et al., 2015). Third, broomrape underground attachments do not take herbicides from the soil but only systemically from the host and therefore, this strategy is limited to systemic herbicides applied to herbicide-resistant crop varieties that do not metabolize the herbicide into inactive forms. J. Evol. Plant Microbe Interact. A better understanding in the roles of major hormones in the process of broomrape germination would facilitate the design of feasible control strategies based on either inhibition of broomrape germination during crop cultivation or promotion of suicidal germination in the absence of the crop. Still, as the parasite is synchronized on the crop development this means in some cases that the change disfavoring the parasite could also limit the maximum potential yield for the crop. More than 40 insect herbivores from 22 families have been collected on broomrape plants but a majority of them are polyphagous without any specificity for broomrape species being some of them serious pests of important crops (Klein and Kroschel, 2002). 23, 407413. Bot. seedbank by soil solarization and organic supplementation. "Broomrape is easily spread by equipment, boots and water," he said. 51, 152156. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85145-H, Bennett, J. R., and Mathews, S. (2006). Several mechanisms are involved in resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr. Plant Growth Regul. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03171.x, Klein, O., and Kroschel, J. Weed Res. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.06.009. Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. Pest Manag. Cala, A., Rial, C., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., Molinillo, J. M. G., Varela, R. M., Rubiales, D., et al. Front. 113, 321327. Understanding the key processes of host recognition, haustorium development and maturation and metabolic regulation of the parasitic sink allow virulence predictions and the design and implementation of highly calibrated, feasible, and durable control strategies leading to the arrest of broomrape parasitism minimizing simultaneously environmental impact and yield losses. Instead an integrated control program including a battery of broomrape-specific measurements is preferable. (2013). (2000). Engineering of virulence-enhanced mycoherbicides is another approach of great interest. doi: 10.1093/jxb/50.331.211, Kebreab, E., and Murdoch, A. J. The Problem of Orobanche spp. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Besides the demethylation of PrCYP707A1 promoter required for host-dependent PrCYP707A1 expression, the high levels of global DNA demethylation observed at the end of conditioning period suggest that the epigenetic process occurring during the conditioning phase may be targeting other unknown molecules during conditioning. A. C. Verkleij, and S. C. ter Borg (Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute), 146156. J. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00971.x, Mauro, R. P., Lo Monaco, A., Lombardo, S., Restuccia, A., and Mauromicale, G. (2015). update on breeding for resistance to sunflower broomrape / actualizacin de la situacin de la mejora gentica de girasol para resistencia al jopo June 2014 Helia 33(52):1-12 49(Suppl. 3585999. All rights reserved. Sci. doi: 10.1139/B10-057, Lechat, M. M., Brun, G., Montiel, G., Veronesi, C., Simier, P., Thoiron, S., et al. 53, 107117. Such a model would be a valuable tool to synthesize knowledge on broomrape life-cycle, to design and test management strategies and better predict the variability in effects observed for a given environment and set of agricultural practices. doi: 10.1007/s00425-006-0410-1, Zehhar, N., Ingouff, M., Bouya, D., and Fer, A. Bioprotection mechanisms of pea plant by Rhizobium leguminosarum against Orobanche crenata. B., Delavault, P., Chaibi, W., and Simier, P. (2010). 12, 638652. Annu. If successful, these studies could develop a strategy to limit the damage from broomrape if it becomes established and the strict quarantine is lifted. doi: 10.1614/WS-07-049.1, Liu, Q., Zhang, Y., Matusova, R., Charnikhova, T., Amini, M., Jamil, M., et al. Being deprived of the initiation of autotrophic mode of life, the growth of broomrape seedling toward the host is only sustained by water absorption and remobilization of reserve nutrients from the seed perisperm and endosperm (Joel, 2000; Joel et al., 2012). Weed Res. Int. A better understanding of the biochemistry of host recognition in broomrape will facilitate the generation of control strategies targeting the haustorium development. Depending on the genetic background of the resistant host, the intrusive cells of broomrape seedling can be stopped at three different levels in their way of penetration through the root layers to achieve connection with the host vascular system. Evol. Available at: www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPP/IPM/Weeds/Issues/orobanche.htm, Acharya, B. D., Khattri, B. G., Chettri, M. K., and Srivastava, X. Israeli researchers developed a temperature/moisture model for application of low rates of an ALS inhibitor on processing tomatoes. Biomol. Small broomrape parasitism in red clover is temperature related. Pest Manag. The advances yielded as intense research made connects the major critical steps of the life cycle of Orobanche, the external factors influencing it either through molecular dialog between the parasite and the crop or the soil and climatic environmental conditions naturally opens the way toward the potential effect of the cropping system in limiting broomrape parasitism: choice of the crop, timing, plant protection, soil perturbation, fertilization, etc. doi: 10.1007/s00425-007-0600-5, Yoneyama, K., Yoneyama, K., Takeuchi, Y., and Sekimoto, H. (2007b). not been previously reported. 33, 787793. Plant Physiol. Sci. In Vitro Cell. J. Exp. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01802.x, Slavov, S., Valkov, V., Batchvarova, R., Atanassova, S., Alexandrova, M., and Atanassov, A. Tempting as it may be to keep an infestation secret, the consequences of risking spread of broomrape could be disastrous. Conventional and biotechnological approaches for control of parasitic weeds. Ann. Until now, difficulties of purification at industrial scale have hampered the field experimentation with such metabolites (Vurro et al., 2009) despite their interesting potential. 83, 453458. Ilustration of broomrape life stages and mechanisms of control. Original article from AgAlert, California Farm Bureau Federation.). Influence of soil moisture on activity and persistence of the strigol analogue GR 24. Jan 07, 2016. scott lewis fox 2 detroit. Phytomyza orobanchia is reported to be broomrape-specific and its main action as biocontrol agent is by reduction of broomrape reproductive activity due to their feeding activity on ovules and young seeds. Effects of brassinosteroids on conditioning and germination of clover broomrape (Orobanche minor) seeds. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 202, 531541. (2002). This approach would inhibit parasitism by killing the young seedling before it attaches to the host root. Epifagus means "upon beech," derived from "epi," upon, and "fagus," the genus of beech; virginiana refers to "Virginia.".