Another of Tantalus children was Niobe, who got her own dose of divine punishment and earned an entry on this list see below. Will you prefer to me this Latona, the Titans daughter, with her two children? So Apollo strung his golden bow, and shot down all seven of Niobes sons, one after the other. Although the affair and pregnancy had occurred before Heras marriage to Zeus, the Queen of Heaven was still jealous of Leto, and set out to turn her life into a living hell. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : "Zeus threw him [Hephaistos] from the sky for helping Hera when she was in chains. Making it worse for those who gave in to Zeus, or were raped by him, was having to deal with his insanely jealous wife, Hera, and her crazy punishments not of her philandering husband, but of his victims. Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1. He became a king of the Lapiths tribe in Thessaly, in northern Greece, and from early on, he built up an infamous reputation as somebody who was mad, bad, and dangerous to know. Ixion pretended to shrug it off, invited his father-in-law to a feast, and there, murdered him by shoving him into a bed of burning coals. 19 (trans. Why should Latona be honored with worship rather than I? So Leto turned them into frogs before the infant Apollo eventually slew the dragon. Demeter, a Story of a Mother's Triumph. Ixion, in Greek legend, son either of the god Ares or of Phlegyas, king of the Lapiths in Thessaly. There, a giant eagle would fly in every day to rip open his guts and feast upon his liver. He instructed his wife not to bury him or perform any of the sacred death rituals when he passed away, and to just throw his corpse out. Her fellow goddesses could feel her wrath, as well. Zeus turned himself into a wounded bird to get close to Hera and only after earning her trust in that way was he able to make her his wife. In Greek legend, Tantalus was a king of Sypilus in Lydia, in western Anatolia. He is credited with creating humans from clay, and for being a champion of mankind in the halls of the heavens. Tantalus was a son of Zeus and a nymph minor female nature deities, typically depicted as uninhibited nubile maidens who love to sing and dance. For his part, Zeus was unfaithful but was rarely seen treating Hera with particularly cruelty. She really did have a terrible husband who fathered children with every maiden, goddess, and nymph that crossed his path. She stood and surveyed the people with haughty looks. Even though she was the goddess of marriage, her own marriage was far from perfect. As a punishment, Hera takes away Echo's voice so that she is only able to repeat whatever she hears. While Tantalus divine punishment and other supernatural aspects of his story are mythical, there might have been a historical king Tantalus in real life, who ruled an Anatolian city named Tantalis. to prefer beings whom you never saw to those who stand before your eyes! Some nymphs in Greek mythology were famous, but others were only known in a certain time Charybdis: The Deadly Whirpool of Greek Mythology, Nymphs: The Many Nature Spirits of Ancient Greece, Hecate Greek Goddess of Witchcraft : The Complete Guide. (Some storytellers say that Zeus had fathered this magical beast as . The islands barrenness also meant it had nothing to lose, and thus nothing to fear from Heras wrath by defying her will. See answer (1) Best Answer. 1 / 70. The Greek goddess Hera was the patroness of marriage, status, and social power, and as I hope to demonstrate here, a goddess appropriate to feminism too. Ixion, in Greek legend, son either of the god Ares or of Phlegyas, king of the Lapiths in Thessaly. Why did Zeus turn into a swan? Her children lay unburied for nine days, because the gods turned the Thebans into stone, until the tenth day, when they allowed the burials to proceed. He ruled as king on Mount Olympus, which is the highest point in Greece. Answer (1 of 4): No he didn't punish Hera. Leto then went on to become a goddess of motherhood, with a divine portfolio that also included protection of the young. Zeus did not chain Epimetheus to a rock. The most famous poison story from Greek mythology may be the one involving Heracles, Deianira, and the wicked centaur Nessus. Zeus may have loved most of his children . Without Eileithyas help, Letos labor was slow and painful. He was the father of Pelops, after whom the Peloponnesus is named. Zeus: God of the Skies. The son of Cronus and Rhea, he is probably most famous for his infidelity to his sister and wife, Hera . Zeus was the 'father of all gods and mankind'. When his mortal life ended and he became a god, however, she ended her campaign against him. Worshiped throughout the Roman Empire as the protector of Roman women and noble wife to Jupiter (the Roman equivalent to Zeus), Juno was oftentimes presented to be both militaristic and matronly. In this way Zeus and Hera represented not an average marriage, but the type of politically-motivated relationships entered into by human kings and queens. While Hera was famously jealous, her divine stepchildren rarely attracted particular ire. There, Leto finally gave birth to the gods Artemis and Apollo. Hera, knowing her husband, grew suspicious when she noticed how much time he was spending at a pasture, in which a magnificent white cow grazed. He was actually born into quite an interesting situation. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Semele was a Thebian princess. Despite having helped the gods secure victory, Prometheus eroded his store of goodwill with them by siding with humanity against the Olympians. As to Prometheus, Zeus punished him by having him taken to the Caucasus Mountains, where he was chained to a rock. However, when Ixion was introduced to Zeus wife, Hera, he fell passionately in love and lusted after her. Prometheus stole fire for mankind. He was as well-known for his short temper as she was, but he rarely displayed this trait with his wife. There, the chief god devised a punishment that became a proverbial term for temptation. Ixion abused his pardon by trying to seduce Zeus's wife, Hera. The Greek Goddesses shared in the oppression of ancient mortal women, and their example is important to the history of feminism. Exposed liars were made to dedicate a statue to Zeus, often at the sanctuary of Olympia. According to some stories, Zeus then turned Io . In the version of the myth told in Prometheus Bound she initially rejected Zeus' advances, until her father threw her out of his house on the advice of oracles. Zeus created the laws that ruled the world according to his will, the god despite loving his wife was not faithful to her and he had plenty of extra marital affairs and because of this the goddess Hera and Zeus lived in a permanent state of quarrel. Chiron a mythical being with the lower body of a horse, and the torso and upper body of a human was notable in Greek legend for his youth-nurturing nature. Zeus is called the "Father of the Gods" and "King of all". We should note that all of his "relationships" with women produced childrengenerally sons . She was all too aware of Zeus' past . Leto was Zeus first mistress, and became the first to fall victim both to the chief god, who slaked his lust and abandoned her when she got pregnant, and then to the cray wrath of his wife. Ixion abused his pardon by trying to seduce Zeuss wife, Hera. So when his disciples, the Maenads, threw a festival in honor of the wine god atop the sacred mountain of Nyseion in Lycurgus kingdom, Dionysius took on human form and attended as the guest of honor. Then, when it was time to give birth, the Queen of Heaven saw to it that the childbirth was as miserable as could be, by prolonging Letos labor. Greek Mythology in Comics: The Marriage of Zeus and Hera: The Punishment of the Lazy NymphArt: Kaji PatoScreenplay: Bruno Viriato #Comics #Mythology #SeeUinH. Greeks seemed to realize that their goddess. Many of his mistresses and their children fell afoul of Heras terrible temper. Homeless, she finally gave in to Zeus, who turned her into a white heifer in order to conceal her from his jealous wife, and shield her from Heras wrath. After this, Heracles' mother was worried about Hera she might enact revenge. She was a queen of Thebes, and was blessed with great fortune. Her most famous anger was directed not at one of Zeuss mistresses, but at his son. Her children lay unburied for nine days, because the gods turned the Thebans into stone, until the tenth day, when they allowed the burials to proceed. Will any one deny this?. Updates? Hera agreed to dismiss the gadfly when Zeus promised to leave Io alone forever. Although Hera was married to Zeus, his serial interest in women led him far from her bed. The One Piece chapter ends with Zeus being cut in half by Brook, but the damage has been done.Zeus has chosen to side with Big Mom even under duress. In only one story did Zeus punish Hera for her actions when she plotted to overthrow him. As if her punishment was not already horrible enough, Zeus piled on and capped it off by turning Niobe into a pillar of stone, in which state she would continue to weep throughout eternity for her loss. Although the affair and pregnancy had occurred before Heras marriage to Zeus, the Queen of Heaven was still jealous of Leto, and set out to turn her life into a living hell. To exacerbate the unfairness of it all, Leto had been Zeus mistress before he married Hera, so the chief god had not even been cheating on his wife at the time. As if her punishment was not already horrible enough, Zeus piled on and capped it off by turning Niobe into a pillar of stone, in which state she would continue to weep throughout eternity for her loss. The trend of Hera being jealous and spiteful toward her husbands children continued throughout their reign. Hera drugged Zeus and the other gods bound him on his bed and stole his thunderbolt. That impiety shocked the Thebans, and they returned to their daily pursuits in awestruck silence and trepidation. That championing of mankind got him in trouble with the gods, who devised a horrific punishment for him in consequence. The Romans identified the Greek goddess Hera with their own goddess of marriage, Juno. Zeus Hangs Hera in the Sky As punishment for her attempt to overthrow him, Zeus seized Hera and hung her in the sky by golden chains. What bad things did Zeus do? . Zeus noticed Io, a mortal woman, and lusted after her. That impiety shocked the Thebans, and they returned to their daily pursuits in awestruck silence and trepidation. Heracles had followed his fathers tendencies in life and had many affairs, but he was said to have settled down in a happy marriage with Hebe. For that, the gods subjected her to a terrible punishment. So he sent the messenger god Hermes, disguised as a shepherd, to lull Argus to sleep. Zeus immediately returned to his true form andtrue to form, indeedravished her. Sure enough, Ixion ravished the fake Hera a union that ultimately produced the centaurs. The chief Olympian gods relentless pursuit, persistence, rough wooing, and refusal to take no for an answer was bad enough. Late in their history, the Greeks adapted their mythology to include a more loving and faithful couple in the household of their king. Making it worse for those who gave in to Zeus, or were raped by him, was having to deal . Zeus is known for being the lightning god, and the ruler of the gods. In his madness, Lycurgus slew his wife and family. The geographer Strabo, citing earlier sources, described the wealth of Tantalus as driving from mines in Mount Sypilus. Hence, making Zeus owe Thetis a favor. Leto was Zeus first mistress, and became the first to fall victim both to the chief god, who slaked his lust and abandoned her when she got pregnant, and then to the cray wrath of his wife. Another version of the story reveals that Tiresias lost his eyesight during an argument between god Zeus and goddess Hera. Io, who had been turned into a cow by Zeus to hide her from his wife, spent years wandering the earth to avoid both Zeuss advances and Heras punishment. Although the extent of Actaeons sin, if it could even be called that, was to simply have had the misfortune of bumping into a naked goddess, Artemis was livid that a mortal saw her naked. 0 comments. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Once in the Underworld, Zeus could have his vengeance on Sisyphus. The chief Olympian gods relentless pursuit, persistence, rough wooing, and refusal to take no for an answer was bad enough. Hera, titled the Queen of Heaven, reigned from the gods home atop Mount Olympus as the wife and sister and wife of Zeus, chief god of the Greek pantheon. He thus shamed Hera into marrying him. When Argus was finally out, Hermes grabbed a stone and smashed his head in, and freed Io from her tether so Zeus could get some loving time with his bovine mistress. Instead, he loaded them in a boat, and oared by his daughters, fled across the sea to Argos. Ironically, Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, was trapped in a loveless marriage; Athena, wisest of beings, always deferred to Zeus; and Hera, Goddess of Marriage, was married to the worst serial adulterer ever known. Semele, the human mother of Dionysus, was tricked by Hera into seeing Zeus in his full glory. The people of Sparta claimed that Ares had been nursed by a nymph called Thero. Unfortunately, Sisyphus cunning was combined with questionable ethics, which got him in trouble with the gods, particularly with Zeus. She then sent emissaries to all cities and settlements, forbidding them to offer Leto shelter, food, or water. That championing of mankind got him in trouble with the gods, who devised a horrific punishment for him in consequence. Lycurgus also banned the religious cult of Dionysius, whom he refused to acknowledge as divine, and prohibited the worship of the grape god in his kingdom. Zeus is the Olympian god of the sky and the thunder, the king of all other gods and men, and, consequently, the chief figure in Greek mythology. The terrified Actaeon bounded into the woods, but his own dogs detected the scent of a stag, and failing to recognize their master in his new body, chased him down and tore him to pieces. This attitude was not reserved just for mortal women. In his mortal life, Heras attacks on Heracles had been relentless. The Greek deities were often depicted as sadist bullies, itching for an excuse to inflict suffering upon the less powerful, and getting a kick out of doing so. Aegyptus did not give up, however, and sent his fifty sons to Argos to claim their brides. The gods however punished them by sending them to Tartarus, the Ancient Greek version of hell an abyss where the wicked are subjected to suffering and torment. Unlike Aphrodite, for example, she had no affairs during her marriage and had taken no lovers before it. In Greek legend, the Danaides were the fifty daughters of Danaus, king of Libya, and a main figure in the founding myth of the city state of Argos, in the Peloponnese. The gods thought, for some reason, that few punishments are more terrible than an eternity of futile and hopeless labor. This punishment of Hera would last throughout antiquity, until the relative position of the earth and the . To make his pettiness stick, the chief god prohibited anybody from letting humanity in on the secret of fire. My father was Tantalus, who was received as a guest at the table of the gods; my mother was a goddess. Even though Hercules has finished his labors, and is said to have "finally appeased the hatred of his fierce stepmother", his absence from his wife may be understood as a slight against the wife of Zeus, Goddess . Zeus realized he needed another approach. According to Hesiod, all the following are attributes of Pandora except _______. Fortunate indeed am I, and fortunate I shall remain! Niobe was left transfixed with grief and surrounded by the corpses of her offspring. Corrections? In a flash, Apollo and Artemis, whose nicknames included The Immortal Archers, showed up at the citadel of Thebes. Dionysius, being a god, was not about to heed the dictates of a mortal, not even a mortal king. The super strong infant, however, suckled so intensely that Hera pushed him away due to . Hephaestus made a woman out of clay, a beautiful woman. The four main domains of Hera include Women, Childbirth, Family, and most . Being Zeus' mistress was tough. Copy. Understandably, Dionysius was greatly angered by Lycurgus disrespect and impiety, so he set out to visit divine punishment upon the Thracian king by taking away his sanity and reducing him to a raving loon. Remains of the Temple of Zeus in Athens by TravelCoffeeBook. However, Briareus, who had been freed by Zeus from the prison Tartarus, overheard their conversation and realized that Zeus was tied. Zeus had a more sneaky punishment in mind. Her husband/ sibling was an insatiable and predatory nymphomaniac with a roving eye, always on the prowl, and constantly cheating on Hera. Zeus was the principal deity of the Greek pantheon, the god of the weather and . Pixabay. Whenever he reached for the fruit, the wind wafted the branches away, and whenever he reached for water to take a drink it flowed away from him. There, the chief god devised a punishment that became a proverbial term for temptation. However, she committed the sin of hubris a mixture of extreme pride, dangerous overconfidence, and overweening arrogance. For example, she turned the Libyan queen Lamia into a monster when she learned that Zeus had fathered children with her. Soon as Sisyphus got his boulder to the top of the hill, it would roll down the other side, and he would have to go back down and collect his boulder to roll it up the hill again. 4) Hera. He was the husband of Dia, daughter of Deioneus, to whom he promised a gift as a bride price. When Ixion planned to assault the goddess, her husband not only prevented the attack but gave Ixion a harsh punishment in Hades for the crime of attempting to violate his wife. Hera, now even more jealous of Leto after she gave birth to Zeus children, sent a dragon to chase her and her newborns around. He had promised his father-in-law a valuable present as a bride price wealth paid by the groom to the parents of his bride but reneged and failed to pay up after the marriage. The Ancient Greeks worldview differed greatly from the orderly worldview of the major monotheistic religions, in which the universe is ruled by an omniscient, omnipotent, and infallible God. However, what offended the divine pantheon the most was when Tantalus killed his own son, Pelops, and served him to the gods at a banquet as a means of testing their powers of observation. Ixion was the king of the Lapiths in Greek mythology, the son of Ares and Perimele. Hera banned her from giving birth on terra firma the mainland or any island under the sun. That set a precedent that allowed humans henceforth to sacrifice animals to the god by burning their bones and fat, but keeping the meat for themselves. Leda and the Swan When of age, Leda was married to King Tyndareus of Sparta; Tyndareus having been placed on the throne by Heracles. The livid Hera responded by sending a gadfly to torment the white heifer, stinging her nonstop, driving her mad with pain, and forcing Io to wander the earth in an attempt to escape the irritant. Tantalus was placed in a pool of water, beneath a fruit tree with low branches. She was one of Zeus many lovers and like most came to an unfortunate end due to Hera's jealous hatred. They had good reason for trepidation because taunting Leto turned out to be a bad idea. Io supposedly settled in Egypt and her descendants became the first kings there. However, before the wedding, Danaus gathered his daughters around him, and passed a dagger to each, with instructions to murder their husbands as soon as they were alone with them. He instilled in Actaeon a passion for hunting that would prove the Theban heros undoing. The Ancient Greeks mythology and religion envisioned their main gods in anthropomorphic terms, resembling humans in many aspects. The Rocky Relationship of Zeus and Hera. "Hera," he slurred, "you know, women enjoy lovemaking more than men ever do." Hera stiffened. He got on Zeus wrong side when he tricked him into accepting the bones and fat of sacrificial animals instead of their meat. So she turned him into a stag. a) ancient humans were not as intelligent as modern humans are. Zeus destroyed Tantalus, then personally took his soul to Hades, the underworld of Greek mythology. Leto then went on to become a goddess of motherhood, with a divine portfolio that also included protection of the young. When he sobered up and realized what he had almost done, he swore off the drink, became a teetotaler, and enacted a version of Prohibition in his kingdom by banning wine and ordering the destruction of all grapevines throughout the realm. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Not to be outdone, Artemis strung her bow, and slew all seven of Niobes daughters. The unfortunate Actaeon on the other hand, endured a divine punishment despite not having done anything of his own volition that could have justified his fate. If that is true, why was Apollo punished by Zeus? Before her body was cold, Zeus had snatched from it the six-month unborn child and sewed it into his thigh. Copy. The goddess Hera cursed her with just an echo for a voice as punishment for distracting her from the affairs of Zeus with her endless chatter. For example when Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons, was ready to help the hero Hera spread a rumor that caused the warrior women to attack him instead. Spouse: Zeus (also her brother) Abode: Mount Olympus. Io was one of those unfortunate victims of Heras fits of jealousy. The only deity to touch the food was the goddess Demeter, who was distracted by the death of her daughter, Persephone, and absent-mindedly ate part of Pelops shoulder. Olympians / Zeus. His name, which means foresight, emphasizes his intellect, for he was known as a cunning trickster. Here are some 15 quick facts about Zeus. My father was Tantalus, who was received as a guest at the table of the gods; my mother was a goddess. Those archetypes would be: ruler, creator, and rebel. From its towers, they watched the Theban youths engaged in sports below, while the Latona festival in honor of their mother was ignored. One of Tantalus sins was stealing ambrosia and nectar, the food of the gods, and giving it to mortals. Nevertheless, he eventually did not give anything to his father-in-law, so Deioneus decided to punish him by stealing some of his horses. Despite their contentious marriage and her flights of jealousy, Hera was known as the goddess of marriage. He sneaked in and untied the king of . Zeus substituted for her a cloud, by which Ixion became the father of Centaurus, who fathered the Centaurs . Io swam the straits between Europe and Asia, which were known thereafter as the Bosporus (Greek for ford of the cow), and the sea southwest of Greece, which became known as the Ionian Sea. A lot of what we have read about him has given the impression that he has a few archetypes that describe him perfectly. In a flash, Apollo and Artemis, whose nicknames included The Immortal Archers, showed up at the citadel of Thebes. The gods were ticked off at him for showing them up and making them look like fools, and took offense at his self-aggrandizing deceitfulness, and the hubris of believing himself more cunning than Zeus. To save himself from the livid Lycurgus, Dionysius was forced to flee, and escaped the wrath of the angry king by leaping into the sea. That ensured the gods victory, and doomed the Titans to defeat. While he was at Thebes () he defeated the King of Orhomenos and made its citizens pay double the taxes back to Thebes. This was not to last, however, as the pairing of a womanizing god and a jealous goddess inevitably led to conflict and unhappiness. He took the form of a bull to abduct and ravish the Phoenician princess, Europa. When Leto went into labor with Apollo and Artemis, Hera prevented the goddess of childbirth from attending to her. Making it worse for those who gave in to Zeus, or were raped by him, was having to deal with his insanely jealous wife, Hera, and her crazy punishments not of her philandering husband, but of his victims. Have I not cause for pride? In Greek legend, Tantalus was a king of Sypilus in Lydia, in western Anatolia. The Ancient Greeks sometimes saw their gods as arbitrary and capricious, and few myths depict that conception of the Olympians arbitrariness and capriciousness as does the myth of Actaeon. The astonished and livid Zeus expelled the ingrate from Olympus, and blasted his former guest with a thunderbolt. Thus he was tormented by everlasting hunger and thirst, despite food and water being so near. However, Sisyphus had one more trick up his sleeve to cheat Death. However, when his fellow Titans refused to heed his advice and resort to trickery, Prometheus switched sides and joined the Olympians. She also had a gadfly follow Io around and continually sting her. How Did Odysseus Get Punished. In Greek mythology, Actaeon was a famous Theban hero, who loved to hunt in the outback of his native region of Boeotia. Zeus sent the god of death to take Sisyphus and chain him into the underworld. The people had an admiration for the gods. A peeved Zeus responded by taking fire away from mankind, and wiping its secret from human minds, so they would have to eat meat row, and shiver from the cold in the dark of night. Tantalus was placed in a pool of water, beneath a fruit tree with low branches. His symbols include the lightning bolt, the eagle, the bull, and the oak tree. They would pray, ask for help in any kind of situation, and do sacrifices for them. Hera was almost always depicted as being jealous of these children, to the point that she was driven to vindictiveness. Greek culture commonly accepted, however, that men often cheated on their wives. Hercules () was now a grown, strong man. Zeus, the king of the gods in Greek mythology, is famously wicked. Legend states he was placed into his position of power by killing his . And to make matters worse, Hera's marriage to Zeus was not entirely by choice. Heracles married Hebe, the daughter of Zeus and Hera and the goddess of youth. Was the Griffin a Bird from Greek Mythology? He is also the God of Law, Order, Justice, Power, Human Fate and the Human Race. Zeus located Callisto whilst separated from Artemis and the rest of the retinue, and the god approached her; some say Zeus approached in male form, and some say that he disguised himself as Artemis so as not to alarm Callisto. As a punishment for man. Zeus gathered the rest of the boys body parts, got the god Hephaestus to make him a bronze shoulder, put them all together and restored the kid to life. Archaeological evidence also attests to the existence of a king Tantalus in ancient times. I have seven times as many. Semele. According to Greek mythology, Lycurgus got drunk on wine and tried to rape his own mother. Ixion's eternal punishment for his audacity and complete disrespect for both humanity and the gods was to be tied to an ever-spinning wheel of fire in Hades. Zeus Olympios emphasized Zeus's kingship over the gods. So he appeared to her in the guise of a bedraggled, rain-soaked cuckoo. In the meantime, Lycurgus conducted an anti-Dionysian purge throughout his kingdom and carried out a persecution that saw the rounding up, arrest, and imprisonment of the Maenads and other followers of Dionysius. According to most sources, Zeus did not originally intend to marry his sister, Hera. Her feelings were probably exacerbated by the fact that Zeus seemed to prefer these human children over her own son, Ares. To vent his anger at mankind, Zeus sent Pandora down to earth with a box whose lid, when it was eventually removed, unleashed upon the world all the evils that plague humanity, such as diseases, plagues, war, death, and the constant need for backbreaking labor to eke sustenance out of the earth. As you can see, Hera's jealousy and vengeful nature shaped many of the most popular stories in all of Greek mythology. Zeus Horkios: Zeus he was the keeper of oaths. One day, the people of Thebes went out to celebrate the feast of Latona a religious festival in honor of Leto, the mother of the gods Apollo and Artemis and as described in Bulfinchs Mythology: It was on occasion of the annual celebration in honor of Latona and her offspring, Apollo and Diana [i.e Artemis] when the people of Thebes were assembled, their brows crowned with laurel, bearing frankincense to the altars and paying their vows, that Niobe appeared among the crowd. Then, when it was time to give birth, the Queen of Heaven saw to it that the childbirth was as miserable as could be, by prolonging Letos labor. Apollo was punished by Zeus for killing the serpentine, Python, who was the child of the Primordial God, Gaia. Leto was thus forced to keep wandering the earth, without a chance to settle down anywhere to give birth. On three occasions Zeus threatens physical punishment of Hera in the Iliad: In A 566ff., when Hera intrudes on Zeus to discover what went on between him and Thetis concerning the (xfjvi of Achilles .